Freshly published peer-reviewed study shows COVID vaccine injury risk isn’t equal. Some people are far more vulnerable to spike protein harm than others.
Thank you to all the brave doctors & scientists and all the people of the world with curiosity, integrity, and strength of character who have risked so much to get this info out into the world.
The mRNA shots were/are always going to be an immunological catastrophe for humanity.
The mechanism of action (using mRNA instructions to turn one’s own cells into foreign non-self “spike protein factories”) is the primary mechanism of harm.
The primary danger of the COVID-19 mRNA injections has always been one’s own immune system’s attack response by the mighty CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cells (AKA Killer T-cells):
The COVID-19 mRNA injections must be recalled from the market and mRNA-based products must be banned because the modified mRNA-LNP genetic technology platform is fundamentally flawed & dangerous by design.
These modified mRNA-LNP COVID-19 injections, that trigger one's own immune system to attack & kill one's own formerly healthy cells (that have been instructed to produce/express foreign, non-self proteins), no matter where those cells are in the body, never should have been made available to the public in the first place.
When the (designed to be long-lasting) n1-methyl pseudouridine modified mRNA transfects one's cells, and gives instructions for the ribosomes to make & express foreign non-self proteins (such as the toxic SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), one's immune system sends the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill those formerly healthy cells that are now making & expressing non-self proteins.
It is the mission of these CD8+ CTLs to seek out and destroy any such transfected cell that is making foreign non-self proteins. That’s what they do…
Due to the biodistribution properties of the lipid nanoparticles, the encased modified mRNA can go anywhere in the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers...The LNP "delivery vehicles" traveled to different parts of the body in different people.
Expressing any foreign protein is fatal to the cell doing the expressing. The reason is, our bodies are protected by being able to distinguish ourselves from things that shouldn't be there. Anything non-self will trigger immune destruction of the cells & tissues involved.
Some people will express lots of foreign proteins in vulnerable locations. Others express less in less vulnerable areas.
The location of expression defines the adverse event: if you get foreign protein expression in your heart cells, you could get myocarditis & experience cardiac arrest; if the expression is in your brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system, you could get one or more of a variety of neurological conditions; if in your eye, possible blindness; if in your ovaries, possible infertility; if in the placenta, possible miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects; if in the endothelial cells that line your blood vessels, possible vascular &/or microvascular injuries like clots/microclots or the long white fibrous clots, leading to strokes, heart attacks, or pulmonary embolisms…
If the expression of foreign proteins is in your own immune cells, you could experience immune dysfunction, dysregulation, & suppression including repeated infections, immune tolerance of a pathogenic foreign protein due to antibody subclass switch to IgG4 & increased IgG4-related diseases, T cell exhaustion, interference with & suppression of innate immunity, persistent systemic inflammation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors and reduced cancer surveillance or the suppression of tumor-suppressing immune system activities & cell-signaling (increasing your risk of fast-growing and aggressive cancers)…
And more…
There's no limit to the horrible consequences of injecting into your body something that triggers your own immune system to attack & kill your own formerly healthy cells & tissues.
The public “health” agencies, the COVID “authorities”, & the “mainstream” media fraudulently marketed these experimental mRNA gene “therapy” products as “safe & effective vaccines”. Trusting people thought that they were being presented with the choice (or the mandate) as to whether or not to take a “safe & effective vaccine”…But that was/is a deceptively false “choice”…
The COVID-19 mRNA injections are NOT safe, they are NOT effective, and they are NOT vaccines.
These modified mRNA-LNP gene “therapy” injections never would have passed proper safety studies required for gene therapy products. Safety studies (including biodistribution, immunogenicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, shedding, long-term effects, & more) that were bypassed because of the fraudulent mislabeling as “vaccines”. (And because of the EUA & “countermeasure” designations under the Project BioShield Act & PREP Act).
NO ONE should have ever had the “choice” of taking these gene “therapy” injections because the modified mRNA-LNP genetic technology platform is fundamentally flawed & dangerous by design.
The danger is NOT limited to just getting more COVID “boosters”. ANY mRNA gene “therapy” product that transfects your cells and instructs those cells to produce foreign non-self proteins (ANY non-self protein) will trigger an immune system attack response against your own cells & tissues (the role of the Killer T-cells is to monitor ALL the cells of the body, ready to destroy/kill any that express foreign, non-self proteins). This makes EVERY mRNA-based injected product harmful by design.
No one who took these modified mRNA-LNP COVID injections made an informed decision. Most people had no clue about what they allowed to be injected into their bodies...
Also most people still do not understand that the devastating harms inflicted upon people over the last few years was intentional:
AFTER the mighty CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cells (AKA Killer T-cells) attack response to modified mRNA transfected cells of tissues & organs inside your body:
After the primary immune system attack response by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in varying degrees of tissue damage & pathology in different people, a lot happens...
The CTLs will not be able to kill every cell making non-self (spike) protein, so some amount of foreign (spike) protein will get made & released from your cells. That amount will also vary from person to person.
Specialized cells called antigen-presenting cells, especially dendritic cells and macrophages, spring into action. Long story short…you will get serum antibodies made against those foreign proteins which is the stated goal of any shot called a vaccine.
But that can take up to 2 weeks, and during that time, the foreign non-self (spike) proteins are biologically active and will attach to various cellular receptors, resulting in a whole new level of possible tissue destruction.
Now your immune system will activate macrophages & neutrophils that will kill THOSE cells through inflammatory pathways, regardless of whether or not the non-self proteins are toxic themselves.
And if the non-self proteins ARE toxic, like the pathogenic spike proteins, they can cause problems like tissue damage all by themselves without your immune system even being involved at that point.
But your adaptive immune system has done its job & you've made your serum antibodies by now! Yippee!
Too bad those (non-neutralizing, leaky) serum antibodies can only REACT to a (SARS-CoV-2) infection...it is biologically impossible for serum antibodies (in the blood) to PREVENT respiratory infections that enter the body through the mucosa of the mouth/throat, nose, & eyes.
To PREVENT respiratory infections requires a strong innate immune system with mucosal immunity and secretory IgA to stop the respiratory infection at the mucosal and epithelial barriers (stopping the infection OUTSIDE your body and PREVENTING the infection from getting INSIDE your body).
And this is also where the CTLs are supposed to do their cell-destroying activities. When epithelial cells in the mouth/throat, nose, & eyes are infected (like can happen with respiratory diseases) the Killer T-cells will kill those infected cells.
Epithelial cells at the epithelial barrier can be quickly replaced, usually in just a few days in most people. But injections bypass your body's natural protections and send their payload into your body, where that payload can enter your lymph system and bloodstream.
And in the case of the modified mRNA-LNP gene "therapy" injections, this can be disastrous, starting with the immune system attack response against transfected cells of tissues & organs (INSIDE your body) that are now making foreign non-self proteins.
Replacing cells from now damaged tissues and organs inside your body is a complex process that can take weeks or longer, with some areas unable to be repaired at all.
The modification of natural mRNA with synthetic n1-methyl pseudouridine made the modified mRNA longer lasting and resistant to the body’s natural breakdown processes. A Nobel Prize was awarded specifically for this use of longer lasting pseudouridine in the COVID modified mRNA injections.
The synthetic pseudouridine modified mRNA is causing a +1 ribosomal frameshift, as well as a reverse reading, so some people may make spike proteins AND mystery (or junk) non-self proteins.
Studies have found that an antibody subclass switch to IgG4 can occur between mRNA shot #2 & #3, which is sending a stand-down signal to the immune system, essentially telling the immune system to tolerate and ignore the (toxic pathogenic) spike proteins instead of actively fighting to clear the spike from the body.
And people who are getting "booster" after "booster" are repeatedly triggering these immune system activities and causing persistent systemic inflammation, which can cause hyper-immune and autoimmune responses...and then possible immune system exhaustion as your immune system becomes overwhelmed.
Pathology reports, including from autopsies, have revealed & confirmed the Killer T Lymphocyte infiltration & destruction of cells, oftentimes in vital organs.
And then there's the plasmid DNA contamination (with the oncogenic SV-40 promotor sequence) that's been discovered. There are a number of ways in which integration into the human genome is possible...
And more...
I am not a doctor…so PLEASE let me know of any corrections that need to be made if I have misstated something…
But tragically, I think the injuries, disabilities, and deaths from these modified mRNA-LNP gene “therapy” injections prove that the COVID shots have been an IMMUNOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE.
Footnote:
Credit to Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi, Dr. Mike Yeadon, Dr. Kevin Stillwagon, & Dr. Ryan Cole for their videos & articles from which I furthered my understanding of human immunology and the essential component of Self vs. Non-self.
Portions of my 2 comments relied on my notes from their work, as well as other doctors' and scientists' work from my over 10,000 hours researching all things "COVID" and the modified mRNA-LNP gene "therapy" injections since 2020. But as I am not a professional researcher, either, I am sorry to say that I neglected to keep proper citations.
Thank you, IMA, for offering this paper for our consideration.
Perhaps the following comments are an unscientific oversimplification, but here goes from the perspective of someone who, prior to COVID jab rollouts, believed vaccines were helpful at best and harmless at worst.
Boy, were we wrong! But only after nearly five years of diligent research did the truth reveal itself to our vaccine-uninformed yet college science-educated selves.
Here’s what we now believe, based on study of vaccine history, injuries, and science from great doctors including authors of this paper:
No “vaccine” or other material — whether newfangled mRNA or oldfangled non-MRNA — injected past a person’s epithelial barriers can…
1. Be better than a healthy immune system at preventing disease.
2. Fully prevent disease transmission.
3. Avoid being unsafe for some or many, regardless of manufacturing process or mode of administration.
4. Be better than early treatments without “vaccines.”
So, while determining what might have most harmed people with the COVID jabs can help doctors find the best way to treat these unfortunate souls, this research should not be considered a path to building a better jab. No more jabs, no matter how much coercion or money are involved!
Please do not offer your arms or any other body parts to a pharmaceutical product, especially one that’s supposed to “prevent” a disease in healthy people. If someone else is making money to inject something into you, think long and hard before allowing such an invasion of your body autonomy. Once you’re injected, you cannot be un-injected. But the administrators of the shots still make money and have ZERO liability for causing harm.
NOTE: The term “injected” can refer to any mode of introduction into the body via jabs, inhalation, ingestion, patch, or whatever else they cook up. If it ain’t natural, don’t take it into your body!
"This study offers a starting point for precision-guided care. It highlights the potential of biomarkers to help distinguish vaccine injury from viral infection. "
What a betrayal and absurd use of the term "precision" when mRNA TRANSFECTION is still referred to as vaccines an historic & scientific fraud while moot points about which specific proteins cause harms. Shameful to pretend to be advocates for truth or patients.
TRANSFECTION is deadly by design vaccines another fraud you make NO progress challenging and blurring the lines might as well be on Paul Offit script. Learn BIOLOGY!!
I always wondered why chihuahuas and great Danes received the same amount of rabies vaccines. Same goes for different humans - so many variations of age, health and sizes.
The main thing that will prevent systemic production of Spike proteins is a slower injection rate on the vaccine. The plunger should be moved slowly so that 0.1 ml per second is released into the muscle. This is the only way that it will stay in the muscle and also avoids damaging the muscle. This is often difficult for the nurses to do as the plunger will not move smoothly when you're trying to inject it slowly. The MRNA vaccines are designed to display the spike protein on the arm muscle without releasing them into the blood, but if they're injected too fast the mrna get in the circulation systemically and then the heart muscle is instructed to produce the spike proteins (very bad as the immune system attacks the heart). Conventional vaccines are a lot more comfortable to the patient if they are given slowly as well it still does damage the muscle and get them into circulation as well if they're plunged too fast.
It sounds as though you are indirectly describing an engineering problem. It makes me wonder if it would be possible to design an injection system where you press a button to start the process, then a small motor moves the plunger at a predetermined constant rate; no thumb muscles involved. That would at a minimum remove the specific risks you describe.
Thank you to all the brave doctors & scientists and all the people of the world with curiosity, integrity, and strength of character who have risked so much to get this info out into the world.
The mRNA shots were/are always going to be an immunological catastrophe for humanity.
The mechanism of action (using mRNA instructions to turn one’s own cells into foreign non-self “spike protein factories”) is the primary mechanism of harm.
The primary danger of the COVID-19 mRNA injections has always been one’s own immune system’s attack response by the mighty CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cells (AKA Killer T-cells):
The COVID-19 mRNA injections must be recalled from the market and mRNA-based products must be banned because the modified mRNA-LNP genetic technology platform is fundamentally flawed & dangerous by design.
These modified mRNA-LNP COVID-19 injections, that trigger one's own immune system to attack & kill one's own formerly healthy cells (that have been instructed to produce/express foreign, non-self proteins), no matter where those cells are in the body, never should have been made available to the public in the first place.
When the (designed to be long-lasting) n1-methyl pseudouridine modified mRNA transfects one's cells, and gives instructions for the ribosomes to make & express foreign non-self proteins (such as the toxic SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), one's immune system sends the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill those formerly healthy cells that are now making & expressing non-self proteins.
It is the mission of these CD8+ CTLs to seek out and destroy any such transfected cell that is making foreign non-self proteins. That’s what they do…
Due to the biodistribution properties of the lipid nanoparticles, the encased modified mRNA can go anywhere in the body, including crossing the blood-brain and placental barriers...The LNP "delivery vehicles" traveled to different parts of the body in different people.
Expressing any foreign protein is fatal to the cell doing the expressing. The reason is, our bodies are protected by being able to distinguish ourselves from things that shouldn't be there. Anything non-self will trigger immune destruction of the cells & tissues involved.
Some people will express lots of foreign proteins in vulnerable locations. Others express less in less vulnerable areas.
The location of expression defines the adverse event: if you get foreign protein expression in your heart cells, you could get myocarditis & experience cardiac arrest; if the expression is in your brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system, you could get one or more of a variety of neurological conditions; if in your eye, possible blindness; if in your ovaries, possible infertility; if in the placenta, possible miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects; if in the endothelial cells that line your blood vessels, possible vascular &/or microvascular injuries like clots/microclots or the long white fibrous clots, leading to strokes, heart attacks, or pulmonary embolisms…
If the expression of foreign proteins is in your own immune cells, you could experience immune dysfunction, dysregulation, & suppression including repeated infections, immune tolerance of a pathogenic foreign protein due to antibody subclass switch to IgG4 & increased IgG4-related diseases, T cell exhaustion, interference with & suppression of innate immunity, persistent systemic inflammation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors and reduced cancer surveillance or the suppression of tumor-suppressing immune system activities & cell-signaling (increasing your risk of fast-growing and aggressive cancers)…
And more…
There's no limit to the horrible consequences of injecting into your body something that triggers your own immune system to attack & kill your own formerly healthy cells & tissues.
The public “health” agencies, the COVID “authorities”, & the “mainstream” media fraudulently marketed these experimental mRNA gene “therapy” products as “safe & effective vaccines”. Trusting people thought that they were being presented with the choice (or the mandate) as to whether or not to take a “safe & effective vaccine”…But that was/is a deceptively false “choice”…
The COVID-19 mRNA injections are NOT safe, they are NOT effective, and they are NOT vaccines.
These modified mRNA-LNP gene “therapy” injections never would have passed proper safety studies required for gene therapy products. Safety studies (including biodistribution, immunogenicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, shedding, long-term effects, & more) that were bypassed because of the fraudulent mislabeling as “vaccines”. (And because of the EUA & “countermeasure” designations under the Project BioShield Act & PREP Act).
NO ONE should have ever had the “choice” of taking these gene “therapy” injections because the modified mRNA-LNP genetic technology platform is fundamentally flawed & dangerous by design.
The danger is NOT limited to just getting more COVID “boosters”. ANY mRNA gene “therapy” product that transfects your cells and instructs those cells to produce foreign non-self proteins (ANY non-self protein) will trigger an immune system attack response against your own cells & tissues (the role of the Killer T-cells is to monitor ALL the cells of the body, ready to destroy/kill any that express foreign, non-self proteins). This makes EVERY mRNA-based injected product harmful by design.
No one who took these modified mRNA-LNP COVID injections made an informed decision. Most people had no clue about what they allowed to be injected into their bodies...
Also most people still do not understand that the devastating harms inflicted upon people over the last few years was intentional:
https://rumble.com/v6qcb0y-dr.-david-martin-mar-06-2025-edmonton-alberta-replay.html
Part 2
AFTER the mighty CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cells (AKA Killer T-cells) attack response to modified mRNA transfected cells of tissues & organs inside your body:
After the primary immune system attack response by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), resulting in varying degrees of tissue damage & pathology in different people, a lot happens...
The CTLs will not be able to kill every cell making non-self (spike) protein, so some amount of foreign (spike) protein will get made & released from your cells. That amount will also vary from person to person.
Specialized cells called antigen-presenting cells, especially dendritic cells and macrophages, spring into action. Long story short…you will get serum antibodies made against those foreign proteins which is the stated goal of any shot called a vaccine.
But that can take up to 2 weeks, and during that time, the foreign non-self (spike) proteins are biologically active and will attach to various cellular receptors, resulting in a whole new level of possible tissue destruction.
Now your immune system will activate macrophages & neutrophils that will kill THOSE cells through inflammatory pathways, regardless of whether or not the non-self proteins are toxic themselves.
And if the non-self proteins ARE toxic, like the pathogenic spike proteins, they can cause problems like tissue damage all by themselves without your immune system even being involved at that point.
But your adaptive immune system has done its job & you've made your serum antibodies by now! Yippee!
Too bad those (non-neutralizing, leaky) serum antibodies can only REACT to a (SARS-CoV-2) infection...it is biologically impossible for serum antibodies (in the blood) to PREVENT respiratory infections that enter the body through the mucosa of the mouth/throat, nose, & eyes.
To PREVENT respiratory infections requires a strong innate immune system with mucosal immunity and secretory IgA to stop the respiratory infection at the mucosal and epithelial barriers (stopping the infection OUTSIDE your body and PREVENTING the infection from getting INSIDE your body).
And this is also where the CTLs are supposed to do their cell-destroying activities. When epithelial cells in the mouth/throat, nose, & eyes are infected (like can happen with respiratory diseases) the Killer T-cells will kill those infected cells.
Epithelial cells at the epithelial barrier can be quickly replaced, usually in just a few days in most people. But injections bypass your body's natural protections and send their payload into your body, where that payload can enter your lymph system and bloodstream.
And in the case of the modified mRNA-LNP gene "therapy" injections, this can be disastrous, starting with the immune system attack response against transfected cells of tissues & organs (INSIDE your body) that are now making foreign non-self proteins.
Replacing cells from now damaged tissues and organs inside your body is a complex process that can take weeks or longer, with some areas unable to be repaired at all.
The modification of natural mRNA with synthetic n1-methyl pseudouridine made the modified mRNA longer lasting and resistant to the body’s natural breakdown processes. A Nobel Prize was awarded specifically for this use of longer lasting pseudouridine in the COVID modified mRNA injections.
The synthetic pseudouridine modified mRNA is causing a +1 ribosomal frameshift, as well as a reverse reading, so some people may make spike proteins AND mystery (or junk) non-self proteins.
Studies have found that an antibody subclass switch to IgG4 can occur between mRNA shot #2 & #3, which is sending a stand-down signal to the immune system, essentially telling the immune system to tolerate and ignore the (toxic pathogenic) spike proteins instead of actively fighting to clear the spike from the body.
And people who are getting "booster" after "booster" are repeatedly triggering these immune system activities and causing persistent systemic inflammation, which can cause hyper-immune and autoimmune responses...and then possible immune system exhaustion as your immune system becomes overwhelmed.
Pathology reports, including from autopsies, have revealed & confirmed the Killer T Lymphocyte infiltration & destruction of cells, oftentimes in vital organs.
And then there's the plasmid DNA contamination (with the oncogenic SV-40 promotor sequence) that's been discovered. There are a number of ways in which integration into the human genome is possible...
And more...
I am not a doctor…so PLEASE let me know of any corrections that need to be made if I have misstated something…
But tragically, I think the injuries, disabilities, and deaths from these modified mRNA-LNP gene “therapy” injections prove that the COVID shots have been an IMMUNOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE.
Footnote:
Credit to Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi, Dr. Mike Yeadon, Dr. Kevin Stillwagon, & Dr. Ryan Cole for their videos & articles from which I furthered my understanding of human immunology and the essential component of Self vs. Non-self.
Portions of my 2 comments relied on my notes from their work, as well as other doctors' and scientists' work from my over 10,000 hours researching all things "COVID" and the modified mRNA-LNP gene "therapy" injections since 2020. But as I am not a professional researcher, either, I am sorry to say that I neglected to keep proper citations.
No. Try one size fits none. This study ignores too many inconvenient truths to be taken seriously.
Covid vaccine injury is impossible to correlate because of the wide variety of batches, as detailed as howbadismybatch.com
Thank you, IMA, for offering this paper for our consideration.
Perhaps the following comments are an unscientific oversimplification, but here goes from the perspective of someone who, prior to COVID jab rollouts, believed vaccines were helpful at best and harmless at worst.
Boy, were we wrong! But only after nearly five years of diligent research did the truth reveal itself to our vaccine-uninformed yet college science-educated selves.
Here’s what we now believe, based on study of vaccine history, injuries, and science from great doctors including authors of this paper:
No “vaccine” or other material — whether newfangled mRNA or oldfangled non-MRNA — injected past a person’s epithelial barriers can…
1. Be better than a healthy immune system at preventing disease.
2. Fully prevent disease transmission.
3. Avoid being unsafe for some or many, regardless of manufacturing process or mode of administration.
4. Be better than early treatments without “vaccines.”
So, while determining what might have most harmed people with the COVID jabs can help doctors find the best way to treat these unfortunate souls, this research should not be considered a path to building a better jab. No more jabs, no matter how much coercion or money are involved!
Please do not offer your arms or any other body parts to a pharmaceutical product, especially one that’s supposed to “prevent” a disease in healthy people. If someone else is making money to inject something into you, think long and hard before allowing such an invasion of your body autonomy. Once you’re injected, you cannot be un-injected. But the administrators of the shots still make money and have ZERO liability for causing harm.
NOTE: The term “injected” can refer to any mode of introduction into the body via jabs, inhalation, ingestion, patch, or whatever else they cook up. If it ain’t natural, don’t take it into your body!
"This study offers a starting point for precision-guided care. It highlights the potential of biomarkers to help distinguish vaccine injury from viral infection. "
What a betrayal and absurd use of the term "precision" when mRNA TRANSFECTION is still referred to as vaccines an historic & scientific fraud while moot points about which specific proteins cause harms. Shameful to pretend to be advocates for truth or patients.
TRANSFECTION is deadly by design vaccines another fraud you make NO progress challenging and blurring the lines might as well be on Paul Offit script. Learn BIOLOGY!!
https://rumble.com/v3q5vbq-2023-10-17-pieter-cullis-2022-study-hall-16-oct-2023-brief-twitch1953665426.html
I always wondered why chihuahuas and great Danes received the same amount of rabies vaccines. Same goes for different humans - so many variations of age, health and sizes.
The main thing that will prevent systemic production of Spike proteins is a slower injection rate on the vaccine. The plunger should be moved slowly so that 0.1 ml per second is released into the muscle. This is the only way that it will stay in the muscle and also avoids damaging the muscle. This is often difficult for the nurses to do as the plunger will not move smoothly when you're trying to inject it slowly. The MRNA vaccines are designed to display the spike protein on the arm muscle without releasing them into the blood, but if they're injected too fast the mrna get in the circulation systemically and then the heart muscle is instructed to produce the spike proteins (very bad as the immune system attacks the heart). Conventional vaccines are a lot more comfortable to the patient if they are given slowly as well it still does damage the muscle and get them into circulation as well if they're plunged too fast.
It sounds as though you are indirectly describing an engineering problem. It makes me wonder if it would be possible to design an injection system where you press a button to start the process, then a small motor moves the plunger at a predetermined constant rate; no thumb muscles involved. That would at a minimum remove the specific risks you describe.